Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a well established science first demonstrated by Faraday in his famous 1839 "London Bridge" experiment. A conducting liquid in motion through a magnetic field will become the seat of an induced current, just as in the case of a solid conductor.

The intensity of this current is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field and the speed at which the liquid moves through the field. This effect reaches its maximum with a perpendicular intersection between the lines of force of the magnetic field and the direction of flow of the liquid. When these vectors are parallel, the effect is insignificant.

The effect of this induced current increases molecular and electron agitation and rotation. This higher level of excitation causes changes of various physical parameters, such as viscosity, surface tension, kinetics of crystallization, etc.

In scaling phenomenon, the prior treatment of the liquid in a magnetic field induces a more amorphous and less coherent precipitate (producing a precipitate of thermodynamically unstable aragonite instead of calcite). Old layers of scale are subjected to the retro-solution effect, become softer and eventually crumble away.

There are no new scale formations because the amorphous precipitate has lost its aptitude to adhere to one another, and is eliminated by the water flow or by programmed blowdowns.

"A high velocity electrically conductive fluid stream crossing a magnetic field may be regarded as taking the place of the moving conductor of a conventional dynamo"

Assuming that the working fluid has conductivity, this conductivity is related to the dissolved solids contained in the fluid. The imbalance of outer valances of atoms make up either positively or negatively charged atoms. The electron excitation of the MHD unit creates an environment where atoms of different charges can expel a free electron or absorb a free electron to satisfy its valance unbalance.

What we have accomplished is when dissolved solids in supersaturated fluids precipitate from the fluid, instead of bonding into a crystal of a high physical, such as an ice cube, it forms the same chemical substance but with a low physical such as a snowflake. The physical structure of the snowflake will not support mass or resist flow impact.

Let's now explore "particulate matter in suspension" (turbidity). These already formed crystals, being composed of magnetic domains, react to intense magnetic fields. When these enter a magnetic field, they attempt to align with the force field. Consequently, they must physically rotate.

Looking at this crystal structure being tensioned in an attempt to rotate, we can see a distortion occur, this shape being in the form of an "S". This resistant tensioning is called a piezoelectric effect. In some cases, the low physical integrity of these crystals permit them to fracture or break.

When this charged particle is carried downstream into the scaled area, it is an unnatural state and wants to return to its original potential. As it bounces along the scaled pipe, a charge is transferred by contact. Providing the charge of free electrons from the particle progressively interferes in its bonding. The scale does not go away; rather, it changes from a brown deposit, hard as a rock, to a consistency as smooth as peanut butter.

At this point, the abrasion of the passing fluids carries this soft material downstream. If the velocity is maintained, it is carried away. If not, it will settle out in sump areas where physically flushing or cleaning will be required.